Friday, March 22, 2024

Opinion Today: Why are we having fewer children?

The answer includes, but goes beyond, "family-hostile" policy.
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Opinion Today

March 22, 2024

By Annie Galvin

Producer, Opinion Audio

When I returned to work this fall after giving birth to my first child, I ran headlong into the near-impossible math of balancing career, parenting and self-care in a country with a "workist" culture and paltry family policies.

Though I always imagined having two kids to give each of them a chance at the close relationship I have with my brother — he was "Man of Honor" in my wedding and I the "Best Ma'am" in his — I knew the logistics would only get harder with a second. How do parents corral two kids through the action-packed gauntlet between day care pickup, dinner and bedtime? Despite my frantic TikTok searches for "2 under 2 evening routine," I cannot fathom actually pulling it off.

On the Ezra Klein Show this week, we're featuring two episodes examining why my shrunken sense of possibility is becoming a norm across much of the world. Fertility rates are falling, in some cases below replacement rates, even in countries like Sweden and Japan that have invested far more in family-support policies than the United States has. What's behind this cross-cultural decline in births? Can generous work-family policies enable people to feel like they can realistically have larger families?

On our first episode, demographer Jennifer D. Sciubba, author of "8 Billion and Counting: How Sex, Death, and Migration Shape Our World," examines this trend across the globe and what it could imply for the future of our societies. Then Caitlyn Collins, author of "Making Motherhood Work: How Women Manage Careers and Caregiving," zooms in on the "lifeworlds" of parenthood in the United States and Sweden: the mix of policies, institutions and cultural norms that affect people's experience of raising children.

Ultimately, as Ezra and his guests discuss, the problem may not be the fertility rate itself. Rather, we've created a problem of stifled desire: American families want more children than they end up having. Perhaps we've become "pro-child" but "anti-children": Parents devote so much time and energy to optimizing a single kid's life that the effort feels difficult to replicate. Until policy and parenting culture become more forgiving, families may continue to shrink — whether people want them to or not.

Listen to the episodes:

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The New York Times

The Ezra Klein Show

The Deep Conflict Between Our Work and Parenting Ideals

The sociologist Caitlyn Collins discusses why parenting feels so difficult in America.

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1 HR 8 MIN LISTEN

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The New York Times

The Ezra Klein Show

Birthrates Are Plummeting Worldwide. Why?

The demographer Jennifer D. Sciubba examines why families — even in wealthy nations — are having fewer children.

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1 HR 3 MIN LISTEN

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